Dhanu Yatra:World's biggest open-air theatre
Odisha is considered as the land of colourful fairs and
festivals. There are 13 festivals in 12 months of a year. In this
plethora of festivals, Dhanu Yatra of Bargarh in Odisha is remarkably
distinguished from rest in sense, style, grace and grandeur. It also
happens to be a great mass festival. Every year in the month of
Sagittarius, it is celebrated for eleven days of the month from the 5th
day of the bright fortnight till the full moon day. It is believed to
have started after harvesting season of 1947-48 soon after India's
independence as a reflection of joyous atmosphere in the society for
the end of British misrule. Since then it has become more popular all
over the world with every passing year.
During
the Dhanu Yatra, Bargarh city, about 330-km from Bhubaneswar, becomes
Mathura, the river Jeera becomes river Yamuna and Ambapalli situated on
the other side of Jeera becomes Gopapura. For all the eleven days,
Bargarh city is transformed into a very big stage. The story of Maharaja
(king) Kansa, his death and different acts of Lord Sri Krisha are
enacted in 14 main places in Mathrua and 4 main places in Gopapura.
Various episodes are organised at various places from sacred centres
like temples to public places like ponds, rivers, cultural and
commercial centres, transforms the entire locality into an open-air
stage for the live show. All the people, including lakhs of outsiders,
paying visit to the festival, become actors of the drama either assuming
or pretending to be the subjects of Maharaja Kansa at Mathura and as
friends or devotees of Lord Sri Krishna at Gopapura.
The
social attachment of the people with Dhanu Yatra can be adjudged from
the obedience of the orders of Maharaja Kansa not only at the erected
stages of Raj Durbar, but everywhere the royal procession of Maharaja
Kansa moves at conqueror. Everyone obliges to pay monetary fines or
accepts mild physical punishments as a token of obedience. Similarly,
Krishna and Balaram including their charioteer Akrura, whether at
Gopapura or Mathura, are worshiped by the people in general as idols of
God. Love of virtue springs up while thronging to welcome the chariot
of Krishna-Balaram as if the God himself incarnated temporarily in the
body of the actors.
The
special factor about Dhanu Yatra is the enactment of the story of Lord
Krishna in the form of drama by real actors and actresses. They
deliver their dialogues of their own without any written . Here
Maharaja Kansa does not remain confined to a character of arrogance. He
moves around the city on the elephant from afternoon till evening. In
the evening, he holds the court and the entertainment. Maharaja Kansa
tries to mitigate the suffering of his citizens while moving around his
kingdom, the Mathura. But once he comes to the court, he remains
occupied with discussions with ministers to find ways to avert his
prophesied death. He makes all kinds of plans to kill Sri Krishna. He
dispatches various demons to Gopapura to eliminate Sri Krishna.
As
all the demons were killed by Sri Krishna in Gopapura, Maharaja Kansa
organises Dhanu Yatra in Mathura and his ex-minister Akrura is sent to
Gopapura to bring Sri Krishna to Mathura. Finally, Sri Krishna comes to
Mathura, kills all the wrestlers and the all powerful Maharaja Kansa.
Maharaja Ugrasena regains power and becomes the king of Mathura, thus
ending the eleven day long Dhanu Yatra. The actor playing the role of
Maharaja Kansa visits Lord Jagannath (avatar of Sri Krishna) at Puri in
Odisha after the Dhanu Yatra and ask the Almighty to forgive him for
scolding him for all the eleven days of the fair.
In
the age of modern society, when most of the old myths are losing
power, Dhanu Yatra of Bargarh is considered to be an extension of the
devotional religion of the traditional cult to a democratic mass
culture.
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